安裝samba系統
(c)2000 張文杰 (email : windex@teacher.fyjh.tpc.edu.tw)

安裝samba系統

  Samba是一個可以取代NT『網路上的芳鄰』檔案及印表機分享功能的Server程式,Samba Server也可以完全取代NT PDC(Primary Domain Controler)成為NT網域主控者管理NT網域;若是在同一台Server架設Samba及Apache ,則在辦公室或校園環境內,使用者可用自己的帳號及密碼從Windows登入網域,在由『網路上的芳鄰』可進入使用者個人帳號下放置網頁的目錄,進行編輯個人網頁(傳統的方式是先在個人電腦上編輯網頁,再使用ftp上傳)。除此之外,虛擬光碟也可以在Samba Server上使用。

Samba Server的建置方式

  一、如果您的伺服器及學生用的工作站都是使用核發的IP,那就架設一台伺服器提供apache、mail及samba(當PDC) ,可再架設另一台samba當印表機分享;如果要使用虛擬光碟,架設另一台samba當光碟櫃。

  二、如果您是使用NAT(伺服器使用核發的IP,學生用的工作站使用私有的IP),那就架設一台伺服器插上兩片網卡,第一片網卡使用核發的IP,提供網際網路服務apache及mail;第二片網卡使用私有IP192.168.1.1,建置samba當網域主控站 (PDC),在私有class c上可再架設另一台samba當印表機分享;如果要使用虛擬光碟,架設另一台samba當光碟櫃。

安裝Samba Server

1.所需檔案:samba-2.0.6.tgz(可在國內大學的ftp站台下載或FreeBSD 4.0的光碟上)
2.安裝samba-2.0.6.tgz:
 #pkg_add samba-2.0.6.tgz
3.修改smb.conf設定檔
 安裝完samba-2.0.6.tgz後,在/usr/local/etc下會有一個smb.conf.default,先執行下列命令:
 #cp smb.conf.default smb.conf
 再來請使用ee來編輯smb.conf(使用/usr/local/bin/testparm命令可以檢查smb.conf是否有設定錯誤), 底下列出smb.conf的內容做說明:
[global]

# workgroup = NT-Domain-Name or Workgroup-Name, eg: REDHAT4
#網域名稱,自行更改
   workgroup = fyjh

#出現在『網路上的芳鄰』Samba伺服器的名稱,如果不加入這行則使用FreeBSD的主機名稱
   netbios name = ntserver1

# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
#伺服器註解
   server string = Samba Server

# This option is important for security. It allows you to restrict
# connections to machines which are on your local network. The
# following example restricts access to two C class networks and
# the "loopback" interface. For more examples of the syntax see
# the smb.conf man page
#設定允許登入網域的區域網路,如果使用核發的IP,則將192.168.1.改為您的class c
   hosts allow = 192.168.1. 127.

# If you want to automatically load your printer list rather
# than setting them up individually then you'll need this
;   load printers = yes

# you may wish to override the location of the printcap file
;   printcap name = /etc/printcap

# on SystemV system setting printcap name to lpstat should allow
# you to automatically obtain a printer list from the SystemV spool
# system
;   printcap name = lpstat

# It should not be necessary to specify the print system type unless
# it is non-standard. Currently supported print systems include:
# bsd, sysv, plp, lprng, aix, hpux, qnx
;   printing = bsd

# Uncomment this if you want a guest account, you must add this to /etc/passwd
# otherwise the user "nobody" is used
;  guest account = pcguest

# this tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
   log file = /var/log/log.%m

# Put a capping on the size of the log files (in Kb).
   max log size = 50

# Security mode. Most people will want user level security. See
# security_level.txt for details.
#設定存取資源分享的控制方式,有share、user、server及domain
#如果這台Samba Server當PDC則使用user,當使用者登入時會從/usr/local/private/smbpasswd檔檢驗帳號及密碼
#如果這台Samba Server不是當PDC而是做資源分享則使用domain或share,當使用者由PDC登入後,就可使用分享的資源
   security = user

# Use password server option only with security = server
;   password server = 

# You may wish to use password encryption. Please read
# ENCRYPTION.txt, Win95.txt and WinNT.txt in the Samba documentation.
# Do not enable this option unless you have read those documents
#windows 95 OSR以後的版本登入時再傳送密碼時是採用加密傳送,因此要設定yes
  encrypt passwords = yes

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
;   include = /usr/local/etc/smb.conf.%m

# Most people will find that this option gives better performance.
# See speed.txt and the manual pages for details
   socket options = TCP_NODELAY 

# Configure Samba to use multiple interfaces
# If you have multiple network interfaces then you must list them
# here. See the man page for details.
#如果Samba Server使用多片網卡,則將下一行的分號去掉並自行修改IP位置
#例如Samba Server是採取上面所說的建置方式二,則需設為interfaces = 192.168.1.1/24
;   interfaces = 192.168.1.1/24 192.168.2.1/24 

# Browser Control Options:
# set local master to no if you don't want Samba to become a master
# browser on your network. Otherwise the normal election rules apply
#當PDC則設為yes,其它則設為no
   local master = yes

# OS Level determines the precedence of this server in master browser
# elections. The default value should be reasonable
   os level = 33

# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. This
# allows Samba to collate browse lists between subnets. Don't use this
# if you already have a Windows NT domain controller doing this job
#當PDC則設為yes,其它則設為no
   domain master = yes 

# Preferred Master causes Samba to force a local browser election on startup
# and gives it a slightly higher chance of winning the election
#當PDC則設為yes,其它則設為no
   preferred master = yes

# Use only if you have an NT server on your network that has been
# configured at install time to be a primary domain controller.
;   domain controller = 

# Enable this if you want Samba to be a domain logon server for 
# Windows95 workstations. 
#當PDC則設為yes,其它則設為no
   domain logons = yes

# if you enable domain logons then you may want a per-machine or
# per user logon script
# run a specific logon batch file per workstation (machine)
;   logon script = %m.bat
# run a specific logon batch file per username
;   logon script = %U.bat

# Where to store roving profiles (only for Win95 and WinNT)
#        %L substitutes for this servers netbios name, %U is username
#        You must uncomment the [Profiles] share below
;   logon path = \\%L\Profiles\%U

# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable it's WINS Server
;   wins support = yes

# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
#	Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
;   wins server = w.x.y.z

# WINS Proxy - Tells Samba to answer name resolution queries on
# behalf of a non WINS capable client, for this to work there must be
# at least one	WINS Server on the network. The default is NO.
;   wins proxy = yes

# DNS Proxy - tells Samba whether or not to try to resolve NetBIOS names
# via DNS nslookups. The built-in default for versions 1.9.17 is yes,
# this has been changed in version 1.9.18 to no.
   dns proxy = no 

# Client codepage settings

# for Traditional Chinese Users
#如果分享的資源要使用中文長檔名則要設定下列兩項
 client code page=950
 coding system=cap

#============================ Share Definitions ==============================
#使用者的目錄,在『網路上的芳鄰』Samba Server底下會看到自己的家目錄(目錄名稱是使用者自己的帳號)
[homes]
   comment = Home Directories
   browseable = no  ;在『網路上的芳鄰』只有自己看得到
   writeable = yes  ;允許寫入檔案

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
; [netlogon]
;   comment = Network Logon Service
;   path = /usr/local/samba/lib/netlogon
;   guest ok = yes
;   writeable = no
;   share modes = no

# Un-comment the following to provide a specific roving profile share
# the default is to use the user's home directory
;[Profiles]
;    path = /usr/local/samba/profiles
;    browseable = no
;    guest ok = yes


# NOTE: If you have a BSD-style print system there is no need to 
# specifically define each individual printer
;[printers]
;   comment = All Printers
;   path = /var/spool/samba
;   browseable = no
# Set public = yes to allow user 'guest account' to print
;   guest ok = no
;   writeable = no
;   printable = yes

# This one is useful for people to share files
;[tmp]
;   comment = Temporary file space
;   path = /tmp
;   read only = no
;   public = yes

# A publicly accessible directory, but read only, except for people in
# the "staff" group
;[public]
;   comment = Public Stuff
;   path = /home/samba
;   public = yes
;   writeable = yes
;   printable = no
;   write list = @staff

# Other examples. 
#
# A private printer, usable only by fred. Spool data will be placed in fred's
# home directory. Note that fred must have write access to the spool directory,
# wherever it is.
;[fredsprn]
;   comment = Fred's Printer
;   valid users = fred
;   path = /homes/fred
;   printer = freds_printer
;   public = no
;   writeable = no
;   printable = yes

# A private directory, usable only by fred. Note that fred requires write
# access to the directory.
;[fredsdir]
;   comment = Fred's Service
;   path = /usr/somewhere/private
;   valid users = fred
;   public = no
;   writeable = yes
;   printable = no

# a service which has a different directory for each machine that connects
# this allows you to tailor configurations to incoming machines. You could
# also use the %U option to tailor it by user name.
# The %m gets replaced with the machine name that is connecting.
;[pchome]
;  comment = PC Directories
;  path = /usr/pc/%m
;  public = no
;  writeable = yes

# A publicly accessible directory, read/write to all users. Note that all files
# created in the directory by users will be owned by the default user, so
# any user with access can delete any other user's files. Obviously this
# directory must be writeable by the default user. Another user could of course
# be specified, in which case all files would be owned by that user instead.
;[public]
;   path = /usr/somewhere/else/public
;   public = yes
;   only guest = yes
;   writeable = yes
;   printable = no

# The following two entries demonstrate how to share a directory so that two
# users can place files there that will be owned by the specific users. In this
# setup, the directory should be writeable by both users and should have the
# sticky bit set on it to prevent abuse. Obviously this could be extended to
# as many users as required.
;[myshare]
;   comment = Mary's and Fred's stuff
;   path = /usr/somewhere/shared
;   valid users = mary fred
;   public = no
;   writeable = yes
;   printable = no
;   create mask = 0765

底下提供範例讓您參考: 範例一:Samba Server 當網域主控站PDC
[global] workgroup = fyjh netbios name = ntserver1 server string = Samba Server hosts allow = 192.168.1. 127. log file = /var/log/log.%m max log size = 50 security = user encrypt passwords = yes socket options = TCP_NODELAY local master = yes os level = 33 domain master = yes preferred master = yes domain logons = yes dns proxy = no client code page=950 coding system=cap #============================ Share Definitions ============================== [homes] comment = Home Directories browseable = no ;在『網路上的芳鄰』只有自己看得到 writeable = yes ;允許寫入檔案 其它資源分享自行設定
範例二:Samba Server 不當網域主控站PDC而當一般資源分享
[global] workgroup = fyjh netbios name = samba1 server string = Samba Server hosts allow = 192.168.1. 127. log file = /var/log/log.%m max log size = 50 security = share socket options = TCP_NODELAY local master = no os level = 33 domain master = no preferred master = no domain logons = no dns proxy = no client code page=950 coding system=cap #============================ Share Definitions ============================== 其它資源分享自行設定
如何使用虛擬光碟
第一步: a.首先在PDC伺服器建立放置虛擬光碟主程式的目錄,例如:/home/samba/vdn  #mkdir /home/samba #mkdir /home/samba/vdn b.將/home/samba/vdn的所有權設定為某一個帳號(例如:admin),由這個帳號來管理 #chown admin /home/samba/vdn c.編輯smb.con加入底下的設定 [vdn] comment = virtual cdrom path = /home/samba/vdn public = yes writeable = yes write list = admin 備註:在windows下以admin登入網域,然後執行虛擬光碟的安裝程式,將主程式安裝在『網路上的芳鄰』    伺服器vdn的目錄下就可以了。 第二步:建立另一台Samba Server當光碟櫃 a.首先在伺服器建立放置虛擬光碟片的目錄,例如:/home/samba/cdrom  #mkdir /home/samba #mkdir /home/samba/cdrom b.編輯smb.con加入底下的設定 [cdrom] comment = virtual cdrom path = /home/samba/cdrom public = yes read only = yes browseable = yes 備註:建議在windows下製作光碟片檔案,先存放在local端的硬碟上,再用ftp上傳(因為ftp上傳的速度    非常快)

建立samba使用者的帳號

  samba裝好後會自動將主機上的使用者帳號轉入/usr/local/private/smbpasswd內(這些資料是沒有用的,通常我會先將他們清除掉),建立samba使用者的帳號時,samba會先檢查欲建立的帳號是否存在FreeBSD上;欲建立samba使用者的帳號,是使用/usr/local/bin/smbpasswd命令。
範例:假設您要建立admin帳號
   #smbpasswd -a admin
   New SMB password:
   Retype new SMB password:
   Password changed
備註:至於如何建立samba大量使用者?請參閱『我修改的工具程式』區下的『建立samba大量使用者』

啟動samba

 #cd /usr/local/etc/rc.d
 #cp samba.sh.sample samba.sh
 #sync;sync;sync;reboot

至於如何設定samba當列印分享?待續.....