安裝samba系統 (c)2000 張文杰 (email : windex@teacher.fyjh.tpc.edu.tw) |
Samba是一個可以取代NT『網路上的芳鄰』檔案及印表機分享功能的Server程式,Samba Server也可以完全取代NT PDC(Primary Domain Controler)成為NT網域主控者管理NT網域;若是在同一台Server架設Samba及Apache ,則在辦公室或校園環境內,使用者可用自己的帳號及密碼從Windows登入網域,在由『網路上的芳鄰』可進入使用者個人帳號下放置網頁的目錄,進行編輯個人網頁(傳統的方式是先在個人電腦上編輯網頁,再使用ftp上傳)。除此之外,虛擬光碟也可以在Samba Server上使用。
一、如果您的伺服器及學生用的工作站都是使用核發的IP,那就架設一台伺服器提供apache、mail及samba(當PDC) ,可再架設另一台samba當印表機分享;如果要使用虛擬光碟,架設另一台samba當光碟櫃。
二、如果您是使用NAT(伺服器使用核發的IP,學生用的工作站使用私有的IP),那就架設一台伺服器插上兩片網卡,第一片網卡使用核發的IP,提供網際網路服務apache及mail;第二片網卡使用私有IP192.168.1.1,建置samba當網域主控站 (PDC),在私有class c上可再架設另一台samba當印表機分享;如果要使用虛擬光碟,架設另一台samba當光碟櫃。
[global] # workgroup = NT-Domain-Name or Workgroup-Name, eg: REDHAT4 #網域名稱,自行更改 workgroup = fyjh #出現在『網路上的芳鄰』Samba伺服器的名稱,如果不加入這行則使用FreeBSD的主機名稱 netbios name = ntserver1 # server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field #伺服器註解 server string = Samba Server # This option is important for security. It allows you to restrict # connections to machines which are on your local network. The # following example restricts access to two C class networks and # the "loopback" interface. For more examples of the syntax see # the smb.conf man page #設定允許登入網域的區域網路,如果使用核發的IP,則將192.168.1.改為您的class c hosts allow = 192.168.1. 127. # If you want to automatically load your printer list rather # than setting them up individually then you'll need this ; load printers = yes # you may wish to override the location of the printcap file ; printcap name = /etc/printcap # on SystemV system setting printcap name to lpstat should allow # you to automatically obtain a printer list from the SystemV spool # system ; printcap name = lpstat # It should not be necessary to specify the print system type unless # it is non-standard. Currently supported print systems include: # bsd, sysv, plp, lprng, aix, hpux, qnx ; printing = bsd # Uncomment this if you want a guest account, you must add this to /etc/passwd # otherwise the user "nobody" is used ; guest account = pcguest # this tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine # that connects log file = /var/log/log.%m # Put a capping on the size of the log files (in Kb). max log size = 50 # Security mode. Most people will want user level security. See # security_level.txt for details. #設定存取資源分享的控制方式,有share、user、server及domain #如果這台Samba Server當PDC則使用user,當使用者登入時會從/usr/local/private/smbpasswd檔檢驗帳號及密碼 #如果這台Samba Server不是當PDC而是做資源分享則使用domain或share,當使用者由PDC登入後,就可使用分享的資源 security = user # Use password server option only with security = server ; password server =# You may wish to use password encryption. Please read # ENCRYPTION.txt, Win95.txt and WinNT.txt in the Samba documentation. # Do not enable this option unless you have read those documents #windows 95 OSR以後的版本登入時再傳送密碼時是採用加密傳送,因此要設定yes encrypt passwords = yes # Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration # on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name # of the machine that is connecting ; include = /usr/local/etc/smb.conf.%m # Most people will find that this option gives better performance. # See speed.txt and the manual pages for details socket options = TCP_NODELAY # Configure Samba to use multiple interfaces # If you have multiple network interfaces then you must list them # here. See the man page for details. #如果Samba Server使用多片網卡,則將下一行的分號去掉並自行修改IP位置 #例如Samba Server是採取上面所說的建置方式二,則需設為interfaces = 192.168.1.1/24 ; interfaces = 192.168.1.1/24 192.168.2.1/24 # Browser Control Options: # set local master to no if you don't want Samba to become a master # browser on your network. Otherwise the normal election rules apply #當PDC則設為yes,其它則設為no local master = yes # OS Level determines the precedence of this server in master browser # elections. The default value should be reasonable os level = 33 # Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. This # allows Samba to collate browse lists between subnets. Don't use this # if you already have a Windows NT domain controller doing this job #當PDC則設為yes,其它則設為no domain master = yes # Preferred Master causes Samba to force a local browser election on startup # and gives it a slightly higher chance of winning the election #當PDC則設為yes,其它則設為no preferred master = yes # Use only if you have an NT server on your network that has been # configured at install time to be a primary domain controller. ; domain controller = # Enable this if you want Samba to be a domain logon server for # Windows95 workstations. #當PDC則設為yes,其它則設為no domain logons = yes # if you enable domain logons then you may want a per-machine or # per user logon script # run a specific logon batch file per workstation (machine) ; logon script = %m.bat # run a specific logon batch file per username ; logon script = %U.bat # Where to store roving profiles (only for Win95 and WinNT) # %L substitutes for this servers netbios name, %U is username # You must uncomment the [Profiles] share below ; logon path = \\%L\Profiles\%U # Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section: # WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable it's WINS Server ; wins support = yes # WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client # Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both ; wins server = w.x.y.z # WINS Proxy - Tells Samba to answer name resolution queries on # behalf of a non WINS capable client, for this to work there must be # at least one WINS Server on the network. The default is NO. ; wins proxy = yes # DNS Proxy - tells Samba whether or not to try to resolve NetBIOS names # via DNS nslookups. The built-in default for versions 1.9.17 is yes, # this has been changed in version 1.9.18 to no. dns proxy = no # Client codepage settings # for Traditional Chinese Users #如果分享的資源要使用中文長檔名則要設定下列兩項 client code page=950 coding system=cap #============================ Share Definitions ============================== #使用者的目錄,在『網路上的芳鄰』Samba Server底下會看到自己的家目錄(目錄名稱是使用者自己的帳號) [homes] comment = Home Directories browseable = no ;在『網路上的芳鄰』只有自己看得到 writeable = yes ;允許寫入檔案 # Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons ; [netlogon] ; comment = Network Logon Service ; path = /usr/local/samba/lib/netlogon ; guest ok = yes ; writeable = no ; share modes = no # Un-comment the following to provide a specific roving profile share # the default is to use the user's home directory ;[Profiles] ; path = /usr/local/samba/profiles ; browseable = no ; guest ok = yes # NOTE: If you have a BSD-style print system there is no need to # specifically define each individual printer ;[printers] ; comment = All Printers ; path = /var/spool/samba ; browseable = no # Set public = yes to allow user 'guest account' to print ; guest ok = no ; writeable = no ; printable = yes # This one is useful for people to share files ;[tmp] ; comment = Temporary file space ; path = /tmp ; read only = no ; public = yes # A publicly accessible directory, but read only, except for people in # the "staff" group ;[public] ; comment = Public Stuff ; path = /home/samba ; public = yes ; writeable = yes ; printable = no ; write list = @staff # Other examples. # # A private printer, usable only by fred. Spool data will be placed in fred's # home directory. Note that fred must have write access to the spool directory, # wherever it is. ;[fredsprn] ; comment = Fred's Printer ; valid users = fred ; path = /homes/fred ; printer = freds_printer ; public = no ; writeable = no ; printable = yes # A private directory, usable only by fred. Note that fred requires write # access to the directory. ;[fredsdir] ; comment = Fred's Service ; path = /usr/somewhere/private ; valid users = fred ; public = no ; writeable = yes ; printable = no # a service which has a different directory for each machine that connects # this allows you to tailor configurations to incoming machines. You could # also use the %U option to tailor it by user name. # The %m gets replaced with the machine name that is connecting. ;[pchome] ; comment = PC Directories ; path = /usr/pc/%m ; public = no ; writeable = yes # A publicly accessible directory, read/write to all users. Note that all files # created in the directory by users will be owned by the default user, so # any user with access can delete any other user's files. Obviously this # directory must be writeable by the default user. Another user could of course # be specified, in which case all files would be owned by that user instead. ;[public] ; path = /usr/somewhere/else/public ; public = yes ; only guest = yes ; writeable = yes ; printable = no # The following two entries demonstrate how to share a directory so that two # users can place files there that will be owned by the specific users. In this # setup, the directory should be writeable by both users and should have the # sticky bit set on it to prevent abuse. Obviously this could be extended to # as many users as required. ;[myshare] ; comment = Mary's and Fred's stuff ; path = /usr/somewhere/shared ; valid users = mary fred ; public = no ; writeable = yes ; printable = no ; create mask = 0765 底下提供範例讓您參考: 範例一:Samba Server 當網域主控站PDC
[global] workgroup = fyjh netbios name = ntserver1 server string = Samba Server hosts allow = 192.168.1. 127. log file = /var/log/log.%m max log size = 50 security = user encrypt passwords = yes socket options = TCP_NODELAY local master = yes os level = 33 domain master = yes preferred master = yes domain logons = yes dns proxy = no client code page=950 coding system=cap #============================ Share Definitions ============================== [homes] comment = Home Directories browseable = no ;在『網路上的芳鄰』只有自己看得到 writeable = yes ;允許寫入檔案 其它資源分享自行設定範例二:Samba Server 不當網域主控站PDC而當一般資源分享
[global] workgroup = fyjh netbios name = samba1 server string = Samba Server hosts allow = 192.168.1. 127. log file = /var/log/log.%m max log size = 50 security = share socket options = TCP_NODELAY local master = no os level = 33 domain master = no preferred master = no domain logons = no dns proxy = no client code page=950 coding system=cap #============================ Share Definitions ============================== 其它資源分享自行設定如何使用虛擬光碟
第一步: a.首先在PDC伺服器建立放置虛擬光碟主程式的目錄,例如:/home/samba/vdn #mkdir /home/samba #mkdir /home/samba/vdn b.將/home/samba/vdn的所有權設定為某一個帳號(例如:admin),由這個帳號來管理 #chown admin /home/samba/vdn c.編輯smb.con加入底下的設定 [vdn] comment = virtual cdrom path = /home/samba/vdn public = yes writeable = yes write list = admin 備註:在windows下以admin登入網域,然後執行虛擬光碟的安裝程式,將主程式安裝在『網路上的芳鄰』 伺服器vdn的目錄下就可以了。 第二步:建立另一台Samba Server當光碟櫃 a.首先在伺服器建立放置虛擬光碟片的目錄,例如:/home/samba/cdrom #mkdir /home/samba #mkdir /home/samba/cdrom b.編輯smb.con加入底下的設定 [cdrom] comment = virtual cdrom path = /home/samba/cdrom public = yes read only = yes browseable = yes 備註:建議在windows下製作光碟片檔案,先存放在local端的硬碟上,再用ftp上傳(因為ftp上傳的速度 非常快)